As for the quals issue, we typically have three pilots on board. The 3P has a basic copilot qual coming out of -30 and it allows them to be a copilot for any situation essentially and allows them to know how to land the aircraft in limited situations. If on a tactical flight with three pilots and there's a big enough emergency, the PPC will throw the 2P in the seat for more experienced backup. The 2P can sign for the aircraft (but never does) and can handle any emergency from the left seat only and limited situations from the right seat. If a 2P were to sign for the plane, they'd only be in the left seat. A PPC can land from any seat in any situation and handle all emergencies we train to, and is expected to handle everything else.