I think the biggest obstacle for women who want to pursue aviation, or any military specialty, as a long term career, is that one day, they may want to have children. For most men, the best time to start a family, is usually their shore tour - they're home more, not deployed, etc. Although women are home more during these tours,, we are the ones who are getting pregnant and carrying the baby. Which immensely affects your flying (check the NATOPS - no waivers for ejection seats, pilots are supposed to be waived to SG2 (this is a big issue for instructors in the TRACOMs and especially the FRS's, where they're supposedly grooming the future COs and XOs), no ship board ops, no flying during last trimester). As for after having the kiddo, ever try putting on a harness and SV2 while you're lactating? For non-flyers, the issues are still there - childcare (you get 42 days off after delivering, then it's back to work. Good luck finding affordable, reliable childcare for a 6 week old), deployability (if you're dual military or a single mom, you'll need a care plan that truly works), etc. I've found many awesome women officers who've gotten out as senior O3s or O4s because it's hard to be a mom, and REALLY hard to be a mom and a warrior.
The skipper of one of the HTs was pregnant a couple years ago during her command tour. It raised a little bit of a fuss, but she flew for as long as she could, and had (I think) a healthy baby. I think she's retired now.
Other than that, it's like being a woman in any other male dominated profession - engineering, medicine, law, law enforcement, etc. Work hard, do a good job and don't be an @$$hole. If you play the drama queen (or whatever), you'll get the screenbill and props (or whatever) that go along with the role.
PM me if you have specific Qs.