How long your NFO husband is gone will depend on what type of aircraft he flies. My NFO went jets, and was part of a carrier air wing. So, basically, for about 6 months before a scheduled deployment, he was gone for about 3 months on/off as part of the work up cycle (partly in fallon, partly on the ship). Then, he went on a 6 month deployment. That sucked big time. This is durng the sea tour which is 3 years long. If your husband is in OCS right now, first he'll finish that, go to API, Primary, etc. and eventually get his NFO wings (it took my husband about a year to get his wings from the start of API, there was no IFS at that time). Then, they go to the FRS (rag) for about 10 months (roughly) to learn their specific aircraft. So, my husband wasn't actually in his fleet squadron for a sea tour for about 2 years from the start of API. After the sea tour (meaning 1-2 deployments, 1 if you are lucky timing wise when you show up!) then you go to your shore tour. Usually back to a training squadron so most FO's go to Pensacola or if they are lucky, back to the FRS as an instructor. Then, after the 2 1/2 year shore tour, I think they do a disassociated sea tour in preparation to be a dept. head in their next sea tour. This is for jets- other platforms have different deployment schedules, depending on what your husband wants to fly.
Best of luck and if I (or my husband) can answer any of your questions, let me know!