You start off doing IFS somewhere. There are different locations for Marines/Navy but I think they are working toward doing all of IFS at Pensacola. This takes about 6 weeks.
After IFS you do API in Pensacola. This is 6 weeks long. However, if it is backed up there may be a bit of a wait to start. Navy starts quicker than Marines usually.
After API you go to Primary in one of three locations, Whiting, Corpus Christi, or a small number go to Vance AFB in Oklahoma and fly the T-6. Primary can take 5-8 months depending on weather. There is no way to really predict which location will get you through faster. A lot of people say one is quicker than the other but it all depends on weather. My roommate went through Corpus in 5 months and it is taking me 8. However, a few times a year Corpus sends out a detachment to Las Cruces and that speeds things up if you go on that. That is how my roommate went through so fast. At the completion of Primary you select. For Marines you pick jets, helos, C-130s or Ospreys. Nave picks tailhook, P-3s, or helos.
Following Primary you go to Advanced. If you get C-130s or P-3s you go to Corpus for about 4 months. If you get helos you go to Whiting for about 6 months but there is a 1-2 month wait right now to start. If you get jets/tailhook you can go to Kingsville or Meridian. There is about a 3 month wait to start jets right now and jet school is taking about 16 months.
Marines usually get to choose where they want to go for Primary. Navy usually gets told where they are going. If you are married and don't want to move a lot they will usually keep you in Florida for Primary.
Marines PCS to each place do you get DLA and paid to move. They give you 7 days to move to Texas. Not sure how the Navy works but they do pay for your move. They only give 3 days to move to Texas or Mississippi though.
Hope this helps.